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1 synthetic
[sɪnˈθetɪk] noun, adjective(a substance) produced artificially by a chemical process:تَرْكيبي، إصْطِناعيnylon and other synthetic materials / synthetics.
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2 Synthetic organic chemical manufacturers' association
Engineering: SOCMAУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > Synthetic organic chemical manufacturers' association
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3 synthetic organic chemical
Ecology: SOCУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > synthetic organic chemical
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4 National Starch and Chemical Company - Speciality Synthetic Polymers Division
Railway term: NLTXУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > National Starch and Chemical Company - Speciality Synthetic Polymers Division
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5 заряд химического вещества
Русско-английский военно-политический словарь > заряд химического вещества
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6 синтетический
1. synthetical2. artificial3. chemical4. synthetic; syntheticalАнтонимический ряд: -
7 о ... можно написать целую книгу
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > о ... можно написать целую книгу
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8 синтетическое химическое вещество
Oil: synthetic chemicalУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > синтетическое химическое вещество
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9 Ehrlich, Paul
SUBJECT AREA: Medical technology[br]b. 14 March 1854 Strehlen, Silesia, Germanyd. 20 August 1915 Homburg, Saarland, Germany[br]German medical scientist who laid the foundations of intra-vital staining in histology, and of chemotherapy.[br]After studying medicine at a number of schools in Germany, Ehrlich graduated from Leipzig in 1878. After some years at the Charite in Berlin, an attack of tuberculosis compelled a three-year sojourn in Egypt for treatment. Upon his return in 1890, he was invited by Koch to work at the new Institute for Infectious Diseases. There he commenced his work on immunity, having already, while a student, discovered the mast cells in the blood (1877) and then developed the techniques of differential staining which identified the other white cells of the blood. In 1882 he established the diazo reaction in the urine of typhoid patients, and in the same year he identified the acid-fast staining reactions of the tubercle bacillus. He then moved to the study of immunity in infectious disease, which led him to the search for synthetic chemical substances which would act on the causative organism without harming the patient's tissue. The outcome of his specific investigation of syphilis was the discovery of the first two specific chemotherapeutic agents: salvarsan (being the 606th compound to be tested); and the later, but less toxic, neosalvarsan (the 909th). In 1896 he became Director of the State Institute for Serum Research, and in 1906 Director of the new Royal Institute for Experimental Therapy at Frankfurt-am-Main. He received numerous awards and honours from governments and learned societies.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsNobel Prize for Medicine or Physiology (jointly with E.Metchnikov) 1908.Bibliography1879, "Beiträge für Kentnis der granulierten Bindegewabszellen und der Eosinophilen Leucocythen" Arch. Anat. Physiol. Abt.1914, Paul Ehrlich: eine Darstellung seines wissenschaftlichen Wirkens, Festschrift zum60. Geburtstage des Forschers.Further ReadingM.Marquardt, 1924, Paul Ehrlich als Mensch und Arbeiter.MG -
10 Ассоциация производителей синтетических органических веществ
Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > Ассоциация производителей синтетических органических веществ
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11 синтетический материал
синтетический материал
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
synthetic material
Material made artificially by chemical reaction. (Source: CEDa)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
FR
Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > синтетический материал
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12 kimis
chemical, synthetic. -
13 химическая нить
chemical thread (син. synthetic thread)Нить, изготовленная путем формования (прядения из раствора) природных или синтетических высокомолекулярных веществ. -
14 Perkin, Sir William Henry
[br]b. 12 March 1838 London, Englandd. 14 July 1907 Sudbury, England[br]English chemist, discoverer of aniline dyes, the first synthetic dyestuffs.[br]He early showed an aptitude for chemistry and in 1853 entered the Royal College of Chemistry as a student under A.W.von Hofmann, the first Professor at the College. By the end of his first year, he had carried out his first piece of chemical research, on the action of cyanogen chloride on phenylamine, which he published in the Journal of the Chemical Society (1857). He became honorary assistant to von Hofmann in 1857; three years previously he had set up his own chemical laboratory at home, where he had discovered the first of the azo dyes, aminoazonapththalene. In 1856 Perkin began work on the synthesis of quinine by oxidizing a salt of allyl toluidine with potassium dichromate. Substituting aniline, he obtained a dark-coloured precipitate which proved to possess dyeing properties: Perkin had discovered the first aniline dye. Upon receiving favourable reports on the new material from manufacturers of dyestuffs, especially Pullars of Perth, Perkin resigned from the College and turned to the commercial exploitation of his discovery. This proved highly successful. From 1858, the dye was manufactured at his Greenford Green works as "Aniline Purple" or "Tyrian Purple". It was later to be referred to by the French as mauve. Perkin's discovery led to the development of the modern dyestuffs industry, supplanting dyes from the traditional vegetable sources. In 1869, he introduced two new methods for making the red dye alizarin, in place of the process that involved the use of the madder plant (Rubia tinctorum). In spite of German competition, he dominated the British market until the end of 1873. After eighteen years in chemical industry, Perkin retired and devoted himself entirely to the pure chemical research which he had been pursuing since the 1850s. He eventually contributed ninety papers to the Chemical Society and further papers to other bodies, including the Royal Society. For example, in 1867 he published his synthesis of unsaturated organic acids, known as "Perkin's synthesis". Other papers followed, on the structure of "Aniline Purple". In 1881 Perkin drew attention to the magnetic-rotatory power of some of the substances he had been dealing with. From then on, he devoted particular attention to the application of this phenomenon to the determination of chemical structure.Perkin won wide recognition for his discoveries and other contributions to chemistry.The half-centenary of his great discovery was celebrated in July 1906 and later that year he received a knighthood.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnighted 1906. FRS 1866. President, Chemical Society 1883–5. President, Society of Chemical Industry 1884–5. Royal Society Royal Medal 1879; Davy Medal 1889.Bibliography26 August 1856, British patent no. 1984 (Aniline Purple).1867, "The action of acetic anhydride upon the hydrides of salicyl, etc.", Journal of the Chemical Society 20:586 (the first description of Perkin's synthesis).Further ReadingS.M.Edelstein, 1961, biography in Great Chemists, ed. E.Farber, New York: Interscience, pp. 757–72 (a reliable, short account).R.Meldola, 1908, Journal of the Chemical Society 93:2,214–57 (the most detailed account).LRDBiographical history of technology > Perkin, Sir William Henry
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15 chimique
chimique [∫imik]adjective* * *ʃimik1) [produit] chemical; [fibre] man-made2) péj [nourriture] synthetic; [goût] chemical* * *ʃimik adj* * *chimique adj1 [analyse, réaction, industrie, produit] chemical; [fibre] man-made; armes chimiques chemical weapons;[ʃimik] adjectif1. [de la chimie] chemical -
16 изкуствен
1. artificial(за бижу) imitation, paste (attr.)(за зъби, коса) false, artificialизкуствена кожа artificial/imitation leather. leatheretteизкуствена коприна artificial silk, rayon, nearsilkизкуствени влакна synthetic/artificial/man-made fibresизкуствено напояване (artificial) irrigation(дъждуване) overhead irrigationизкуствена челюст dentureизкуствен тор chemical fertilizerизкуствена муха/стръв (за риболов) hackle2. (неестествен, принуден) artificial, unnatural, affected; studied; forced, constrainedизкуствена усмивка an artificial/forced smile* * *изку̀ствен,прил.1. artificial; (за бижу) imitation, paste (attr.); (за зъби, коса) false, artificial; \изкуствен тор chemical fertilizer; \изкуствена кожа artificial/imitation leather, leatherette; \изкуствена коприна artificial silk, rayon, nearsilk; \изкуствена муха/стръв (за риболов) hackle; \изкуствена тяга forced draught; \изкуствена челюст denture; \изкуствени влакна synthetic/artificial/manmade fibres; \изкуствено дъждуване overhead irrigation; \изкуствено хранене artificial feeding, (на бебе) bottle-feeding;2. ( неестествен, принуден) artificial, unnatural, affected; studied; forced, constrained.* * *artificial: изкуствен silk - изкуствена коприна; factitious; imitation; imitative; man-made; mimic; pinchbeck; synthetic(al)* * *1. (дъждуване) overhead irrigation 2. (за бижу) imitation, paste (attr.) 3. (за зъби, коса) false, artificial 4. (неестествен, принуден) artificial, unnatural, affected;studied;forced, constrained 5. artificial 6. ИЗКУСТВЕН тор chemical fertilizer 7. ИЗКУСТВЕНa коприна artificial silk, rayon, nearsilk 8. ИЗКУСТВЕНa усмивка an artificial/forced smile 9. ИЗКУСТВЕНa челюст denture 10. ИЗКУСТВЕНo напояване (artificial) irrigation 11. ИЗКУСТВЕНа кожа artificial/imitation leather. leatherette 12. ИЗКУСТВЕНа муха/стръв (за риболов) hackle 13. ИЗКУСТВЕНи влакна synthetic/artificial/man-made fibres 14. ИЗКУСТВЕНо хранене artificial feeding, (на бебе) bottle-feeding -
17 Carothers, Wallace Hume
[br]b. 27 April 1896 Burlington, Iowa, USAd. 29 April 1937 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA[br]American chemist, inventor of nylon.[br]After graduating in chemistry, Carothers embarked on academic research at several universities, finally at Harvard University. His earliest published papers, from 1923, heralded the brilliance and originality of his later work. In 1928, Du Pont de Nemours persuaded him to forsake the academic world to lead their new organic-chemistry group in a programme of fundamental research at their central laboratories at Wilmington, Delaware. The next nine years were extraordinarily productive, yielding important contributions to theoretical organic chemistry and the foundation of two branches of chemical industry, namely the production of synthetic rubber and of wholly synthetic fibres.Carothers began work on high molecular weight substances yielding fibres and introduced polymerization by condensation: polymerization by addition was already known. He developed a clear understanding of the relation between the repeating structural units in a large molecule and its physical chemical properties. In 1931, Carothers found that chloroprene could be polymerized much faster than isoprene, the monomer in natural rubber. This process yielded polychloroprene or neoprene, a synthetic rubber with improved properties. Manufacture began the following year, and the material has continued to be used for speciality rubbers.There followed many publications announcing new condensations polymers. On 2 January 1935, he obtained a patent for the formation of new polyamides, including one from adipic acid and hexamethylenediamene. After four years of development work, which cost Du Pont some $27 million, this new polyamide, or nylon, reached the stage of commercial production, beginning on 23 October 1938. Nylon stockings appeared the following year and 64 million were sold during the first twelve months. However, Carothers saw none of this spectacular success: he had died by his own hand in 1937, after a long history of gradually intensifying depression.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsElected to the National Academy of Science 1936 (he was the first industrial organic chemist to be so honoured).BibliographyH.M.Whitby and G.S.Whitby, 1940, Collected Papers of Wallace H.Carothers on Polymerisation, New York.Further ReadingR.Adams, 1939, memoir, Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences 20:293–309 (includes a complete list of Carothers's sixty-two scientific papers and most of his sixty-nine US patents).LRDBiographical history of technology > Carothers, Wallace Hume
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18 синтетическое душистое вещество
1) Engineering: synthetic aromatic2) Perfume: aroma chemical, perfume chemical, synthetic aroma chemical, synthetic odorantУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > синтетическое душистое вещество
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19 Kunststoff
m plastic; aus Kunststoff (made of) plastic* * *der Kunststoffsynthetic material; plastic* * *Kụnst|stoffmman-made or synthetic material or substance* * *((a substance) produced artificially by a chemical process: nylon and other synthetic materials / synthetics.) synthetic* * *Kunst·stoffm synthetic material, plastic* * *der synthetic material; plastic* * *Kunststoff m plastic;aus Kunststoff (made of) plastic* * *der synthetic material; plastic* * *m.plastics n.synthetic material n.synthetics n. -
20 Chemiefaserwerk
n < kst> ■ chemical fibers production plant US ; chemical fibres production plant GB ; synthetic fibers production plant US ; synthetic fibres production plant GB ; synthetic fibers factory US
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